Relationship of Serum S-100B Protein and Prognosis of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Serum S100 protein is one of the biomarkers used for predicting (prognosis) the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injuries. S-100B protein helps predict moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries and evaluates patients at high risk for secondary brain injury, radiological reassessment, and strict monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum S100 protein and the prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients.

Methods: The present study was cross-sectional in traumatic brain injury patients. 32 patients with traumatic brain injury were included. Blood samples were drawn within 1 to 24 hours of injury.

Results: S-100B concentration for moderate brain injury (mean 0.132 ± 0.08) is higher with worse outcomes than mild brain injury (mean 0.024 ± 0.009). A significant correlation exists between S-100B concentrations and mild brain injury (-0.554; P=0.003) and moderate brain injury (-0.926; P=0.008) from GOS values.

Conclusion: The overall mean of serum S-100B concentration for patients in the moderate brain injury (MBI) category is significantly higher than those in the mild brain injury category. Lower serum S-100B concentration has a higher correlation with mild brain injury from the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Therefore, serum S-100B concentration is a reliable predictor when used for the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury.